Here is a list of vine varieties with a description of the white wines made from them.
| Variety |
Origin |
Description |
| Aligoté |
French |
Poor man’s Burgundy. Pale, light, crisp wine. Not for ageing. |
| Alvarinho |
Portugal |
Produces Vinho Verde, very crisp, light with a slight prickle. |
| Auxerrois |
French |
Acidic, very dry and full-bodies, Chablisesque. |
| Bacchus |
German |
Silvaner, Riesling and Müller-Thurgau cross. Flowery, light Muscat bouquet,
low acidity. Used mainly for blending. |
| Bual |
Madeira |
Sweet full-bodies fortified wine, burnt amber colour, fig-like bouquet. |
| Chardonnay |
French |
Ranges from crisp, apple-like flavours in cool climates to caramel, pineapple
and tropical tones in warm areas. Buttery, toasty or clove-like finish.
Ages well, usually in oak. |
| Chasselas |
E.
Europe |
Light, crisp wine with delicate bouquet in Switzerland. Rather insipid elsewhere. |
Chenin
Blanc |
French |
Honeyed, high-acid wines in the Loire. Lots of fruit. Ages many years. California
model is much softer and fruitier. |
| Colombard |
French |
(French Colombard) Originally a cognac grape, now grown in California for soft,
flowery wines. |
Emerald
Riesling |
California |
High-yielding Muscadelle, Riesling cross. Aromatic, soft, fruity. |
Fumé
Blanc |
|
Californian name for Sauvignon Blanc or Sauvignon/Sémillon blend. Fruitier and
less grass than Loire model. |
Folle
Blanche |
French |
Once a major grape in Cognac. High acid, not much character. |
| Furmint |
Hungary |
Principal grape of Tokay. Can be dry, off-dry or sweet. Apple or apricot and toffee bouquet, depending on style. |
| Gewürztraminer |
Italy |
(Traminer)
Spicy, exotic, rose petal and lychee bouquet. Can be dry (Alsace) or sweet (Germany, California). |
| Grüner Veltliner |
Austria |
Fresh, lively, fruity, dry wine for drinking young as in the “new” wine, Heurige. |
| Hárslevelü |
Hungary |
Spicy, full-bodied, aromatic. Good for sweet wines. |
| Jacquère |
French |
Light, very dry and brisk wine from Savoie. |
| Kerner |
German |
Red
Trollinger, Riesling cross. Spicy, fruity wines with good acidity. |
| Malvasia |
Greek |
Produces lusciously sweet dessert wines in warm climates and crisp dry ones in northern areas. The grape of the sweet Madeira, Malmsey. |
| Marsanne |
French |
Deep-coloured, high-alcohol wines blended with the more delicate Roussanne in the Rhône. |
| Morio-Muscat |
German |
Silvaner, Pinot Blanc cross. Full-bodied, fruity with spicy bouquet. |
| Müller-Thurgau |
German |
Riesling, Silvaner cross (or two clones of Riesling). Less acidic than Riesling,
soft and fruity. Lacks ageing potential. |
| Muscadelle |
French |
Perfumey grape used to add bouquet to some white Bordeaux (Sauvignon and Sémillon). |
| Muscadet |
French |
(Melon de Bourgogne) Light, pale, racy wines with lively acidity from the Loire. |
| Muscat |
Greek |
Perfumed, raisiny bouquet with a characteristic spiciness in dessert wines. Can also
be made dry as in Alsace and Australia. |
| Palomino |
Spanish |
The grape of sherry. Neutral wine, low acidity. |
| Pedro Ximenez |
Spanish |
A very sweet white wine used in sherry, thought to be Riesling. |
| Picolit |
Italian |
Dessert wine grape of Friuli. Deep coloured, rich, slightly bitter. |
| Pinot Blanc |
French |
(Pinot Bianco/Weissburgunder) Relative of Chardonnay but with less character and ageing potential. Best from Alsace. |
| Pinot Gris |
E. Europe |
(Pinot Grigio, Ruländer) Full-flavoured, elegant wines capable
of ageing. |
| Riesling |
German |
(Johannisberg Riesling, Rhine or White Riesling)
Finest German variety, capable of making a range of wines from steely dry to toffee-sweetness. Floral nose, keen acidity. |
| Rkatsiteli |
E. Europe |
All-purpose grape producing ordinary table wines, dessert wines and fortified wines. |
| Sacy |
French |
The name suggests it all. Frisky, tart wine from Chablis region. |
| Savagnin |
French |
Makes Sherry-style vin jaune in the Jura region. |
| Sauvignon Blanc |
French |
Makes grassy, gooseberry, smoky wines in the Loire and accompanies Sémillon
in dry and sweet wines of Bordeaux. California model is rounder and fruitier and fig-like. |
| Scheurebe |
German |
Silvaner, Riesling cross. Aromatic, fruity with pronounced acidity. Best in dessert style. |
| Sémillon |
French |
Honey and apricot bouquet when affected by Botrytis (see page 22). Blended with Sauvignon Blanc for dry Bordeaux. Lacks acidity. |
| Sercial |
Portugal |
Produces the driest, lightest style of Madeira. Good acidity. Ages well. |
| Seyval Blanc |
French |
Hybrid.
Makes dry wines with a grassy, green plum flavour. Does not age well. |
| Silvaner |
Austrian |
Mild, neutral wine with good body. Useful for blending. |
| Trebbiano |
Italian |
(Ugni Blanc, St. Emilion) Pale colour, high acid, medium-body, shy bouquet. |
| Verdelho |
Spain |
Produces off-dry Madeira and soft, nutty table wines. |
| Verdicchio |
Italian |
Crisp, dry wines with a hint of bitterness. |
| Vidal |
French |
Hybrid.
Good fruit and acidity. Can range in styles from tart Sauvignon Blanc to Late Harvest and Icewine. |
| Viognier |
French |
Rich, elegant, full-bodied, floral-peachy wine especially in the Rhône.
Capable of ageing. |
| Viura |
Spanish |
(Macabeo)
Fruity aromatic wines with high acidity capable of wood ageing. |
| Welschriesling |
French |
(Riesling Italico, Laskiriesling, Olaszriesling)
Floral, zesty, versatile but not as elegant as Johannisberg (White or Rhine) Riesling. |